Introduction Intellectual property rights foster innovation. But if, as it surely does, intellectual property means not just intellectual property rulesthe law of patents, copyrights, trademarks, designs, trade secrets, and unfair competitionbut also intellectual property institutionsthe courts, police, regulatory agencies, and collecting soc- ties that administer these ruleswhat are the respective roles of intellectual property rules and institutions in fostering creativity? And, to what extent do forces outside intellectual property rules and institutionseconomics, culture, politics, historyalso contribute to innovation? Is it possible that these other factors so overwhelm the impact of intellectual property regimes that it is futile to expect adjustments in intellectual property rules and institutions to alter patterns of inno- tion and, ultimately, economic development? It was to address these questions in the most dynamic region of the world today, Asia, that we invited leading country experts to contribute studies that not only summarize the current condition of intellectual property regimes in countries ranging in economic size from Cambodia to Japan, and in population from Laos to China, but that also describe the historical sources of these laws and institutions; the realities of intellectual property enforcement in the marketplace; and the political, economic, educational, and scientific infrastructures that sustain and direct inve- ment in innovative activity. A.

P. Goldstein, J. Straus: Introduction.- P. Ganea: Cambodia.- P. Ganea, J. Haijun: China.- T. Garde: India.- C. Antons: Indonesia.- P. Ganea, S. Nagaoka: Japan.- P. Ganea: Laos.- C. Antons: Malaysia.- F.M. Negre, J.Q. Perez.- N.-L. Wee Loon: Singapore.- J.-H. Park: South Korea.- P.C.B. Liu: Taiwan.- J. Sorg: Thailand.- V.D. Phan: Vietnam.