The book focuses on the role of advanced materials in the food, water and environmental applications.  The monitoring of harmful organisms and toxicants in water, food and beverages is mainly discussed in the respective chapters. The senior contributors write on the following topics:

Layered double hydroxides and environmentCorrosion resistance of aluminium alloys of silanesNew generation material for the removal of arsenic from waterPrediction and optimization of heavy clay products qualityEnhancement of physical and mechanical properties of fiberEnvironment friendly acrylates laticesNanoparticles for trace analysis of toxinsRecent development on gold nanomaterial as catalystNanosized metal oxide based adsorbents for heavy metal removalPhytosynthesized transition metal nanoparticles- novel functional agents for textilesKinetics and equilibrium modelingMagnetic nanoparticles for heavy metal removalPotential applications of nanoparticles as antipathogensGas barrier properties of biopolymer based nanocomposites: Application in food packingApplication of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for environmental clean upEnvironmental application of novel TiO2 nanoparticles

Ashutosh Tiwari is an Associate Professor at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, Sweden; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters; Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials; a materials chemist and also a docent in the applied physics from Linköping University, Sweden. He has published more than 350 articles, patents, and conference proceedings in the field of materials science and technology and has edited/authored more than fifteen books on the advanced state-of-the-art of materials science.  He is a founding member of the Advanced Materials World Congress and the Indian Materials Congress.

Mikael Syväjärvi received his PhD degree in materials science from Linköping University, Sweden in 1999. His expertise is in materials growth and technologies of silicon carbide (SiC), graphene and related materials while his scientific focus area is material for energy and the environment. He initiated a European research collaboration in fluorescent and photovoltaic SiC, and has co-organized several symposiums at E-MRS. He has published more than 200 journal and conference papers. He is a co-inventor of The Cubic Sublimation Method for cubic SiC and the Fast Sublimation Growth Process that is applied for industrial development of fluorescent hexagonal SiC. He is also co-inventor of the High Temperature Graphene Process and a co-founder of Graphensic AB that manufactures and supplies graphene on SiC.

Preface xv

Part 1: Fundamental Methodologies 1

1 Layered Double Hydroxides and the Environment: An Overview 3
Amita Jaiswal, Ravindra Kumar Gautam and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides 4

1.3 Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides 6

1.4 Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides 7

1.5 Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxides 11

1.6 Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides 13

1.7 Conclusions 19

Acknowledgements 19

References 20

2 Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys Applying Different Types of Silanes 27
Anca-Iulia Stoica, Norica Carmen Godja, Andje Stankovic, Matthias Polzler, Erich Kny and Christoph Kleber

2.1 Introduction 28

2.2 Silanes for Surface Treatment 31

2.3 Materials, Methods and Experimentals 40

2.4 Surface Analytics 42

2.5 Results and Discussion 43

2.6 Conclusions 56

Acknowledgements 57

References 57

3 New Generation Material for the Removal of Arsenic from Water 61
Dinesh Kumar and Vaishali Tomar

3.1 Introduction 62

3.2 Arsenic Desorption/Sorbent Regeneration 76

3.3 Conclusions 78

Acknowledgement 79

References 79

4 Prediction and Optimization of Heavy Clay Products Quality 87
Milica Arsenovic,  Lato Pezo, Lidija Mancic and Zagorka  Radojevic

4.1 Introduction 87

4.2 Materials and Methods 89

4.3 Results and Discussions 94

4.4 Conclusions 117

Acknowledgement 118

References 118

5 Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber via Vacuum Resin Impregnation 121
M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, M.Z.A. Rahman and U.M.K. Anwar

5.1 Introduction 122

5.2 Experimental 123

5.3 Results and Discussion 125

5.4 Conclusions 138

Acknowledgments 139

References 139

6 Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices 145
Sweta Shukla and J.S.P. Rai

6.1 Introduction 146

6.2 Polymerization Techniques 154

References 170

Part 2: Inventive Nanotechnology 177

7 Nanoparticles for Trace Analysis of Toxins: Present and Future Scenario 179
Anupreet Kaur and Shivender Singh Saini

7.1 Introduction 179

7.2 Nanoremediation Using TiO2 Nanoparticles 180

7.3 Gold Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 183

7.4 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles 184

7.5 Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 187

7.6 Other Materials for Nanoremediation 190

7.7 Conclusion 193

References 193

8 Recent Developments in Gold Nanomaterial Catalysts for Oxidation Reaction through Green and
Sustainable Routes 197
Biswajit Chowdhury, Chiranjit Santra, Sandip Mandal and Rawesh Kumar

8.1 Introduction 198

8.2 Propylene Epoxidation Reaction 202

8.3 Reaction Mechanism 211

8.4 Glucose Oxidation 214

8.5 Alcohol Oxidation 225

8.6 Conclusion 234

References 234

9 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review 243
Deepak Pathania and Pardeep Singh

9.1 Introduction 244

9.2 Nanosized Metal Oxide 246

9.3 Hybrid Adsorbents 253

9.4 Conclusion 258

References 258

10 Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles 265
Shahid-ul-Islam, Mohammad Shahid and Faqeer Mohammad

10.1 Introduction 266

10.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticle Using Various Plant Parts 266

10.3 Proposed Mechanisms 279

10.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial  Agents for Textile Modifications 282

10.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspects 284

References 285

11 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics
and Equilibrium Modeling 291
Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Amita Jaiswal and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya

11.1 Introduction 291

11.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment 292

11.3 Toxicity to Human Health and Ecosystems 299

11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 303

11.5 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 304

11.6 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment 310

11.7 Modeling of Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Models 316

11.8 Thermodynamic Analysis 322

11.9 Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles 323

11.10 Conclusions 324

Acknowledgements 325

References 325

12 Potential Application of Nanoparticles as Antipathogens 333
Pratima Chauhan, Mini Mishra and Deepika Gupta

12.1 Introduction 333

12.2 Applications of Nanoparticles 336

12.3 Nanoparticles in Biology 340

12.4 Uses and Advantages of Nanoparticles in Medicine 341

12.5 Antibacterial Properties of Nanomaterials 342

12.6 Antiviral properties of Nanoparticles 345

12.7 Antifungal Activity 348

12.8 Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticle inside the Body 349

12.9 Detecting the Antipathogenicity of Nanoparticles on Microorganisms in Vitro 350

12.10 Types of Nanoparticles 351

12.11 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Conventional Methods 351

12.12 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles 353

12.13 Characterizations of Nanoparticles 355

12.14 Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles 356

12.15 Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 356

12.16 Conclusion 359

References 360

13 Gas Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites: Application in Food Packaging 369
Sarat Kumar Swain

13.1 Introduction 370

13.2 Experimental 372

13.3 Objective 372

13.4 Background of Food Packaging 373

13.5 Conclusion 382

References 382

14 Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up 385
Ritu Singh and Virendra Misra

14.1 Introduction 386

14.2 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Clean Up 388

14.3 Reduction Mechanisms and Pathways 406

14.4 Pilot- and Field-Scale Studies 408

14.5 Transport of nFe0 in Environment 410

14.6 Integrated Approach 411

14.7 Challenges Ahead 412

14.8 Concluding Remarks 413

References 414

15 Typical Synthesis and Environmental Application of Novel TiO2 Nanoparticles 421
Tanmay Kumar Ghorai

15.1 Introduction 421

15.2 Use of Different Dyes 424

15.3 Synthetic Methods for Novel Titania Photocatalysts 427

15.4 Novel Chemical Synthesis Routes 438

References 445

16 Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity 453
Ajay Kushwaha and M. Aslam

16.1 Introduction 453

16.2 Solution Growth of ZnO Nanowire Films 456

16.3 Defects and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO 465

16.4 Role of Defect States in Electrical Conductivity of ZnO 469

16.5 Defects and Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanowire Films 471

16.6 ZnO Nanowires for Energy Conversion Devices 478

References 483

Index 493