An updated edition of the definitive handbook on the physical basis for learning for professionals involved in education and child development, written by the respected author of acclaimed titles in the field.

A comprehensive overview of the relationship between neuromotor maturity and physical development on learning outcomes and behaviour in childhood and later lifeExplores why early reflexes are important, their functions in early development, their effects on learning and behavior if retained, and the possible effects on other aspects of developmentBrings together a specialist body of knowledge and makes it accessible to anyone involved in treating the symptoms of specific learning difficulties and emotional problems.Includes new information on the role of the vestibular system in anxiety and agoraphobia, a new chapter of case studies, and an Epilogue placing the INPP Method in a broader scientific context

Sally Goddard Blythe is a Consultant in Neuro-Developmental Education, a frequent media contributor, and International Director of the Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP) in Chester, UK. She has worked in the area of neuro-development for more than twenty years and is the author of many books and papers on child development and neuro-developmental factors in specific learning difficulties. Her first book,Reflexes, Learning and Behavior (1996), provided the basic information for many professions around the world now using reflex assessment. She has since written further books on includingAssessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning (2012) andNeuromotor Immaturity in Children and Adults (2014). She is a regular keynote speaker in the areas of neuromotor immaturity and early years education.

About the Author vii

About the Contributors ix

1 Windows on the Brain 1

2 The Significance of Primitive and Postural Reflexes 29

3 Primitive Reflexes of Position 65

4 Primitive Tactile Reflexes 99

5 Postural Reflexes 127

6 Use of the INPP Screening Questionnaire 149

7 Postnatal Factors Using the INPP Questionnaire 191

8 The Development of the VestibularCerebellar Theory 227

9 The Effects of Neuromotor Immaturity in Adults and in Adolescents 259

10 Development of the INPP Methodfrom Theory to Fact 295

11 Other Factors in Specific Learning Difficulties 307

12 Missed and Misdiagnosis 345

Appendix 1 365

Appendix 2 377

Glossary of Terms 379

Bibliography 385

Index 407