This is one of the first books to analyse the full cycle of rise and fall of Brazil's foreign policy towards Africa in the beginning of the 21st century. During his government, former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) made the drive towards Africa one of the cornerstones of Brazilian diplomacy and cooperation. In a bid to build strategic trading partnerships with African counterparts, Lulas government committed itself to an ambitious program centred on provisions in loans and credits as well as the exponential growth of its South-South cooperation. After Lula, however, this drive towards Africa started to decline and finally collapsed in face of political meltdown in Brazil and the proliferation of controversial judicial investigations that directly involved political leaders at the centre of most initiatives undertook in the 2000s.

The rise and fall of Brazil-Africa relations has provoked much discussion in policy-making, as well as scholarly research. This book seeks to provide valuable resources to the study of this process by presenting empirically based and updated analysis from different perspectives, such as:

Brazils drive to Africa left a durable mark, whose implications are yet to be understood. What were its main successes and failures? And what does the dramatic change of events, with Brazil moving from a pivotal player to an almost invisible one in merely half a decade, tell us about South-South cooperation? These are some of the questions thatBrazil-Africa Relations in the 21st Century From Surge to Downturn and Beyond intends to answer in order to provide a useful resource for Political Science and International Relations scholars interested in the study of South-South relations, as well as for policy makers interested in understanding the changing dynamics of International Relations in the wake of the 21st century.

Mathias Alencastro is a researcher at the Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (CEBRAP), Brazil, specialized in Brazilian foreign policy and Portuguese-Speaking Africa. He completed his Masters (Sorbonne) and doctorate (Oxford) on the governance of natural resources in Angola. He also served in the Brazilian Presidency of the Republic. His current research focuses on the role of private companies in Brazilian foreign policy.

Pedro Seabra is a Research Fellow at the Center for International Studies, University Institute of Lisbon (CEI-Iscte), Portugal, a Guest Assistant Professor at the University Institute of Lisbon (Iscte-IUL), Portugal, and a Researcher at the Portuguese National Defense Institute (IDN). He holds a PhD in Political Science, with a specialization in International Relations, from the Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon (ICS-ULisboa). He was previously a Nuclear Security Fellow at the School of International Relations-Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV), a SUSI Fellow of the US State Department, and a Leibniz-DAAD Research Fellow at the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA). His main research interests focus on international security, South Atlantic geopolitics, and security capacity-building in Africa.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Turnaround and let-down: making sense of Brazil and Africa after the surge.- Chapter 2. The Longue Durée of Brazil-Africa Relations (c. 1450 1960).- Chapter 3. From opportunity-seeking to gap-filling: reframing Brazil in Lusophone Africa.- Chapter 4. Brazilian trade with Sub-Saharan Africa (2000-2018).- Chapter 5. Corporate presidentialism, or how Odebrecht brought Lula to Angola.- Chapter 6. Brazils Boom and Bust in Tanzania: A Case Study of Naivety?.- Chapter 7. Brazilian health cooperation in Africa: A case study of promoting pharmaceutical production in Mozambique.- Chapter 8. Participation, critical support, and disagreement: Brazil-Africa relations from the prism of civil society .- Chapter 9. In and out, and out again: the travails of Brazil as a security provider in Africa.- Chapter 10. Conclusion: Bursting the bubble: Brazils failure in Africa.