List of Figures xv
List of Plates xvii
List of Maps xx
List of Tables xxii
Acknowledgments xxiii
List of Abbreviations xxvi
A Guide to Reading the Second Edition of Human Geography: An Essential Introduction xxix
1 Introducing Human Geography 1
Chapter Learning Objectives 1
Introduction 2
What Is Human Geography? 3
One Planet, Many Cultures, Unconscionable Inequality 9
The Origins of Our Unequal World: The Rise,Reign, and Faltering of the West9
Four Theories Explaining the Rise, Reign,and Faltering of the West15
Conclusion 20
Checklist of Key Ideas 21
Chapter Essay Questions 21
References and Guidance for Further Reading 22
Website Support Material 23
2 Human Geography: A Brief History 24
Chapter Learning Objectives 24
Introduction 25
Telling the Story of the History of Human Geography 26
Human Geography in the Premodern Era 34
Human Geography in the Modern Era 35
Early Modern Period35
Modern Period38
Late Modern Period43
Human Geography in the Postmodern Era 47
Postmodern Human Geography: On Relativisers and Responsibility47
Postfoundational and AntiRelativist Human Geographies48
Human Geographies in Real Time: Geocomputation and Spatial Data Science51
Conclusion 53
Checklist of Key Ideas 54
Chapter Essay Questions 55
References and Guidance for Further Reading 55
Website Support Material 57
3 Big History: Watersheds in Human History 58
Chapter Learning Objectives 58
Introduction 59
Introducing Big History: From the Big Bang to the Sixth Mass Extinction! 59
First Watershed: The Origins of the Human Species 60
Second Watershed: First Migrations and the Peopling of the Planet 64
Third Watershed: The Development of Human
Culture and Invention of Settled Agriculture 71
Fourth Watershed: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations 78
Fifth Watershed: The Rise of Western Civilization from the Tenth Century bce? 82
Conclusion 85
Checklist of Key Ideas 86
Chapter Essay Questions 87
References and Guidance for Further Reading 87
Website Support Material 89
4 The Commanding Heights: A Brief History of the European World Capitalist Economy from 1450 90
Chapter Learning Objectives 90
Introduction 91
Key Concepts: Global Commodity Chains, Value Chains, and Production Networks 91
The Rise of the European World Economy, 14501945: Wallersteins WorldSystems Analysis 93
The Fate of the European World Economy After the Age of Empire 97
Stabilizing Capitalism: Parisian Regulation Theory98
The Thirty Glory Years of Capitalism in the Core: The FordistKeynesian Compromise (19451975)99
An Early Response: The New International Division of Labor (NIDL)101
Boom and Carnage in the Core: The Neoliberal Juggernaut (1979Present) 106
2050: Toward a Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4)? 112
Conclusion 118
Checklist of Key Ideas 119
Chapter Essay Questions 120
References and Guidance for Further Reading 120
Website Support Material 122
5 Power: The Governmental Machine of the West 123
Chapter Learning Objectives 123
Introduction 124
Power: The Governmental Machine of the West 124
The Rise (and Fall?) of the European NationState 128
Beyond Medieval Polities: The Rise of the European NationState from 1648 and 1848128
Is the Sovereign NationState Obsolete? Back to Medieval Polities?132
Europes NationStates and Empires: Europes Scramble for the World 136
The Age of European Empires136
Case Study: Europes Scramble for Africa141
American Empire: The Eagle, the Bear, the Theocrat, and the Dragon 147
Conclusion 154
Checklist of Key Ideas 154
Chapter Essay Questions 155
References and Guidance for Further Reading 155
Website Support Material 158
6 Worlds of Meaning: Power, Landscape, and Place 159
Chapter Learning Objectives 159
Introduction 160
Enlightenment(s): The Wests Culture(s) 161
Cultural Geography and the Study of Western Culture 163
Sauerian Cultural Geography: Culture as a Superorganism163
New Directions in Cultural Geography from the 1980s165
Social Formations and Symbolic Landscapes166
The West in the Cultural Landscape: On the Imperialism of the Straight Line 168
Haussmanns Paris: The Capital City of Modernity168
LEnfant and McMillans Washington, DC, and National Mall169
Worlds of Meaning: Landscapes of Power and Living Landscapes 172
The Ville and the Cite: Building and Dwelling in Western Spaces172
Case Study 1: The Metropolis and the Mind: Early Conjectures175
Case Study 2: Beyond the Pale Clean Lines and Crooked Colonies177
Case Study 3: Slums and Projects: The AfricanAmerican Search for a Sense of Place183
Conclusion 186
Checklist of Key Ideas 186
Chapter Essay Questions 187
References and Guidance for Further Reading 187
Website Support Material 190
7 (Under)Development: Challenging Inequalities Globally 191
Chapter Learning Objectives 191
Introduction 192
Market Fundamentalism and the Promise of Convergence 194
Tracking and Mapping Development and Human Welfare from 1800 195
Geographies of Human Development and Poverty from 1800197
Geographies of Income and Wealth Inequality from 1800204
A Brief Annotated History of Development Theory and Practice 209
The Western Tradition of Development Theory and Practice209
Challenging Inequalities Globally in the TwentyFirst Century216
Development Alternatives and Alternatives to Development220
Conclusion 222
Checklist of Key Ideas 223
Chapter Essay Questions 224
References and Guidance for Further Reading 224
Website Support Material 228
8 10 000 000 000: The Modern Rise in World Population from 1750 229
Chapter Learning Objectives 229
Introduction 230
Introduction to the Demographic Transition Model 231
Histories and Geographies of Demographic Transitions 234
The Demographic Transition Model and Mortality Decline 240
Explaining Mortality Decline240
Policies for Improved Global Health244
The Demographic Transition Model and Fertility Decline 247
Explaining Fertility Decline247
Policies for Lowering and Increasing Fertility Levels249
Demographic Transition: The Case of China from 1949 250
Conclusion 258
Checklist of Key Ideas 259
Chapter Essay Questions 259
References and Guidance for Further Reading 260
Website Support Material 262
9 A Planet in Distress: Humanitys War on the Earth 263
Chapter Learning Objectives 263
Introduction 264
Perspectives on Humanitys War on the Earth 264
The Pessimists: Rediscovering Malthus in the Age of the Anthropocene264
The Optimists: Cornucopians and the Age of Green Technology and Clean Growth269
The Political Ecologists: Marx in the Age of the Capitalocene271
A Planet in Distress: The Global Climate and Ecology Crisis 273
Global Warming: Decarbonizing Our Overheating Planet274
Biodiversity: Avoiding a Sixth Mass Extinction278
Air Quality: Detoxing the Air We Breathe282
Growing Waste: From Cradle to Cradle282
Water Insecurity: Water, the New Gold?284
Case Study: Tackling the Global Climate and Ecological Crisis in the Liverpool City Region 285
A New Model of Political Economy for a Cleaner and Greener Planet Earth? 289
Conclusion 291
Checklist of Key Ideas 291
Chapter Essay Questions 292
References and Guidance for Further Reading 292
Website Support Material 295
10Homo urbanus: Urbanization and Urban Form from 1800 296
Chapter Learning Objectives 296
Introduction 297
The Modern Rise of the City from 1800 298
Europe, Capitalism, Industrialization, Urbanization, and the Industrial City298
The Form of the Industrial City: The Chicago School of Urban Sociology and Beyond302
The Creative Destruction of the Industrial City: Insights from Glasgow306
Mapping the Urban Age 312
Urban Form After the Age of the Industrial City: The Shape of Things to Come? 315
Megalopolis: From Cities to Networks and Urban Galaxies?316
Los Angeles: The 100Mile City and Our Postmetropolis Future?316
Slums in the Global South: Urbanization Without Industrialization?318
Chinas Instant Megacities: StateOrchestrated Urbanization?321
Planetary Urbanization: Urban Studies After the Age of the City? 323
Conclusion 325
Checklist of Key Ideas 325
Chapter Essay Questions 326
References and Guidance for Further Reading 326
Website Support Material 329
11 The Walling of the West: Migration, Hospitality, and Settling 330
Chapter Learning Objectives 330
Introduction 331
The Great Human Diasporas 332
Diaspora ()332
Case Study: The Atlantic Slave Trade and African Diaspora in the Americas333
Global Migration Stocks and Flows: Definitions, Patterns, and Trends 341
Rethinking Integration: On the Politics of Hospitality 347
Host Country Integration: Policies and Outcomes347
Thinking Integration: Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Diaspora Space, and Securitization350
Rethinking Integration: Migrant Settling and Settling Services354
Case Study: The Syrian Refugee and IDP Crisis 355
Conclusion 361
Checklist of Key Ideas 361
Chapter Essay Questions 362
References and Guidance for Further Reading 362
Website Support Material 365
12 At Risk: Hazards, Society, and Resilience 366
Chapter Learning Objectives 366
Introduction 367
Global Risks: Hazards by Likelihood and Impact 367
Understanding Risk: What Causes Hazards to Become Disasters and Disasters to Become Catastrophes? 370
Gilbert White: Pioneering Human Geographical Interest in Natural Hazards370
When Hazards Become Disasters: Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability (R = H × V)372
Mapping the World at Risk 375
Disaster Risk Reduction: What Stops Hazards from Becoming Disasters and Disasters from Becoming Catastrophes? 382
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 20152030382
Resilience Politics: Robustness, Recovery, Reform, or Redesign?388
Conclusion 394
Checklist of Key Ideas 395
Chapter Essay Questions 396
References and Guidance for Further Reading 396
Website Support Material 398
13 Remaking the West, Remaking Human Geography 399
Chapter Learning Objectives 399
Introduction 400
Summary: Making the West, Making Human Geography 401
Remaking the West 405
Remaking Human Geography 409
Remaking the West, Remaking Human Geography 413
Conclusion 422
Checklist of Key Ideas 422
Chapter Essay Questions 423
References and Guidance for Further Reading 423
Website Support Material 426
Coda on Covid-19 428
Coda Learning Objectives 428
Covid19: The Wests Barium Meal? 429
Covid19s Unexpected Geographies 432
Explaining Covid19s Geographies: Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability 433
Exposure to Covid19: Uneven Geographies of Viral Load434
Vulnerability to Covid19: Susceptibility, Adaptation, and Coping436
Vulnerability Wrought by Sociostructural Disadvantages and Heightened Susceptibility437
Vulnerability Wrought by Weak Institutional Capacity for Advanced Adaptation and Preparation439
Vulnerability Wrought by Poor Coping and the Speed, Quality, and Efficacy of Government Responses441
Commentary: Disentangling Covid-19s Complex Causality 442
Covid-19: A Portal to Another World? 447
Checklist of Key Ideas 450
Chapter Essay Questions 450
References and Guidance for Further Reading 450
Website Support Material 451
Glossary 452
Index 463