Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations provides a broad overview of recent progress in using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to model atmospheric and oceanic fluid motions. This volume not only surveys novel research topics in laboratory experimentation, but also highlights recent developments in the corresponding computational simulations. As computing power grows exponentially and better numerical codes are developed, the interplay between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is gaining paramount importance within the scientific community. The lessons learnt from the laboratorymodel comparisons in this volume will act as a source of inspiration for the next generation of experiments and simulations. Volume highlights include:

Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows will be a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climate science, hydrology, and experimental geosciences.

Thomas Gerd Von Larcher is a researcher in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Institute for Mathematics at Free University, Berlin, Germany. He completed his doctorate in Engineering Technology. He has authored a few research articles and book chapters. His research interests include finite element method, fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics, heat transfer, oceanography, fluid flow, numerical modeling.

Paul D Williams is a Royal Society University Research Fellow at the University of Reading, in the Department of Meteorology and the National Centre for Atmospheric Science. He is at the Readership grade. He has authored over 80 research articles including a recent publication inNature Climate Change. His research interests include studying the atmosphere and ocean, and their role in weather and climate, using mathematical and numerical models and laboratory experiments. He is also currently the Editor ofGeophysical Research Letters.

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction: Simulations of Natural Flows in the Laboratory and on a Computer 1
Paul F Linden

Section I: Baroclinic-Driven Flows

1 General Circulation of Planetary Atmospheres: Insights from Rotating Annulus and Related Experiments
9
Peter L Read, Edgar P Pérez, Irene M Moroz, and Roland M B Young

2 Primary Flow Transitions in the Baroclinic Annulus: Prandtl Number Effects 45
Gregory M Lewis, Nicolas Périnet, and Lennaert van Veen

3 Amplitude Vacillation in Baroclinic Flows 61
Wolf-Gerrit Früh

Section II: Balanced and Unbalanced Flows

4 Rotation Effects on Wall-Bounded Flows: Some Laboratory Experiments 85
P Henrik Alfredsson and Rebecca J Lingwood

5 Altimetry in a GFD Laboratory and Flows on the Polar -Plane 101
Yakov D Afanasyev

6 Instabilities of Shallow-Water Flows with Vertical Shear in the Rotating Annulus 119
Jonathan Gula and Vladimir Zeitlin

7 Laboratory Experiments on Flows Over Bottom Topography 139
Luis Zavala Sansón and Gert-Jan van Heijst

8 Direct Numerical Simulations of Laboratory-Scale Stratified Turbulence 159
Michael LWaite

Section III: Atmospheric Flows

9 Numerical Simulation (DNS, LES) of Geophysical Laboratory Experiments: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) Analogue and Simulations Toward MaddenJulian Oscillation (MJO) Analogue 179
Nils PWedi

10 Internal Waves in Laboratory Experiments 193
Bruce Sutherland, Thierry Dauxois, and Thomas Peacock

11 Frontal Instabilities at DensityShear Interfaces in Rotating Two-Layer Stratified Fluids 213
Hélène Scolan, Roberto Verzicco, and Jan-Bert Flór

Section IV: Oceanic Flows

12 Large-Amplitude Coastal Shelf Waves 231
Andrew L Stewart, Paul J Dellar, and Edward R Johnson

13 Laboratory Experiments With Abrupt Thermohaline Transitions and Oscillations 255
John A Whitehead

14 Oceanic Island Wake Flows in the Laboratory 265
Alexandre Stegner

Section V: Advances in Methodology

15 Lagrangian Methods in Experimental Fluid Mechanics 279
Mickael Bourgoin, Jean-François Pinton, and Romain Volk

16 A High-Resolution Method for Direct Numerical Simulation of Instabilities and Transitions in a Baroclinic Cavity 297
Anthony Randriamampianina and Emilia Crespo del Arco

17 Orthogonal Decomposition Methods to Analyze PIV, LDV, and Thermography Data of Thermally Driven Rotating Annulus Laboratory Experiments 315
Uwe Harlander, Thomas von Larcher, Grady BWright, Michael Hoff, Kiril Alexandrov, and Christoph Egbers

Index  337