Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Introductory Insights to Climate Change Challenges 1
Felix N. Hammond, Colin A. Booth, Jessica E. Lamond and David G. Proverbs
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Climate Change Theory 2
1.3 The Controversy and Context 5
1.4 Organisation of the Book 8
Chapter 2 Climate Change: Nature and Emerging Trends 11
Mark McCarthy
2.1 Introduction to the Climate System and Changes to the Radiative Forcing 11
2.2 Emerging Trends (Global) 13
2.3 Emerging Trends (UK) 17
2.4 Climate Trends and the Built Environment 19
2.5 Solutions 20
Chapter 3 Regional Implications 23
Ana Lopez
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Climate Modelling 23
3.3 Projections of Future Climate Change 27
3.4 Solutions to the Challenges of Interpreting Climate Change Projections for the Characterisation of Climatic Risks 30
Chapter 4 Urbanization and Climate Change 33
Felix N. Hammond, Kwasi Baffour Awuah Gyau and Stanislaus Y. Adiaba
4.1 Introduction 33
4.2 State of the Worlds Urbanization 33
4.3 Impact of Urbanization on Climate Change 35
4.4 How Does Urbanization Affect Climate Change? 36
4.5 Solutions for Change 39
4.6 Conclusion 41
Chapter 5 Global Political Initiatives and Overtones 45
Jean-Luc Salagnac
5.1 Introduction 45
5.2 Climate and the Built Environment 45
5.3 Background to Political Initiatives 47
5.4 Mitigation and Adaptation Policies 50
5.5 Solutions to Climate Change Challenges for the Built Environment 53
Chapter 6 Green Economics Dialogue and the Built Environment 57
Miriam Kennet
6.1 Introduction 57
6.2 Examples of Unsustainable Building Practices 59
6.3 The Choices We Face 62
6.4 Green Projects in Action 68
6.5 Conclusions 72
Chapter 7 Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment 75
Joseph Somevi
7.1 Introduction 75
7.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment 76
7.3 Contributions of SEA to Climate Change Solutions 77
7.4 Concluding Remarks 84
Chapter 8 Methods for Valuing Preferences for Environmental and Natural Resources: An Overview 87
Jessica E. Lamond and Ian Bateman
8.1 Introduction 87
8.2 Monetary Evaluation of Environmental Preferences: Theory 89
8.3 Methods for Monetary Evaluation of Environmental Preferences 91
8.4 Solutions to Valuation of Environmental and Natural Resources 95
Chapter 9 Ecological Value of Urban Environments 99
Ian C. Trueman and Christopher H. Young
9.1 Introduction 99
9.2 Ecological Value 100
9.3 Urban Habitats 101
9.4 Landscape Scales and Urban Areas 106
9.5 Ecological Implications of Climate Change 107
9.6 Implications of Climate Change for Urban Ecology 108
9.7 Solutions to Climate Change Challenges for the Built Environment 108
Chapter 10 The Pedological Value of Urban Landscapes 113
Jim Webb, Michael A. Fullen and Winfried E.H. Blum
10.1 Introduction 113
10.2 Urban Soils: The Grey Areas on Soil Maps 113
10.3 Policy Responses for Urban Soils 119
Chapter 11 Insights and Perceptions of Sustainable Design and Construction 127
David W. Beddoes and Colin A. Booth
11.1 Introduction 127
11.2 Sustainable Construction 128
11.3 Drivers for Sustainable Construction 130
11.4 Rethinking Construction 135
11.5 Thoughts for Change 137
11.6 Concluding Remarks 138
Chapter 12 Progress in Eco and Resilient Construction Materials Development 141
Jamal M. Khatib
12.1 Introduction 141
12.2 Concrete 142
12.3 Brick and Masonry 144
12.4 Glass 145
12.5 Timber and Bamboo 145
12.6 Steel 146
12.7 Polymer-based Materials 147
12.8 Nanotechnology 148
12.9 Future Trends 149
Chapter 13 Energy Efficiency: Alternative Routes to Mitigation 153
David Coley
13.1 Introduction 153
13.2 Energy Efficiency 153
13.3 Carbon Sequestration and Climate Engineering 155
13.4 A Sustainable, Low-Carbon Future? 157
13.5 Solutions: Abatement Costs 161
Chapter 14 The Benefits of Green Infrastructure in Towns and Cities 163
Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth
14.1 Introduction 163
14.2 Integrating Vegetation into the Built Environment 163
14.3 Intercepting Rainfall and Reducing Flood Risk 167
14.4 Enhancing Urban Biodiversity 168
14.5 Limiting the Overheating of Buildings 169
14.6 Improving Human Health and Wellbeing 171
14.7 Sequestering Carbon to Offset CO2 Emissions 172
14.8 'Green Infrastructure' Solutions for Climate Change Challenges 173
14.9 Conclusions 176
Chapter 15 Particulate-Induced Soiling on Historic Limestone Buildings: Insights and the Effects of Climate Change 181
David E. Searle
15.1 Introduction 181
15.2 Urban Particulate Pollution 182
15.3 Soiling of Buildings 182
15.4 The Bath Study 184
15.5 Insights from the Bath Study 186
15.6 Effects of Climate Change on the Soiling of Buildings 188
15.7 Conclusions 188
Chapter 16 Sustainable Transportation 193
Panagiotis Georgakis and Christopher Nwagboso
16.1 Introduction 193
16.2 Climate Change and Sustainable Transportation 194
16.3 Perspectives of Sustainable Transportation 195
16.4 Development of Sustainable Transportation Systems 197
16.5 Solutions for Sustainable Transportation 203
Chapter 17 Linkages of Waste Management Strategies and Climate Change Issues 207
Kim Tannahill and Colin A. Booth
17.1 Introduction 207
17.2 Integrated Solutions Approach 209
17.3 Key Policy Drivers: A European Perspective 216
17.4 Solutions for the Waste Management Sector 219
Chapter 18 Climate Change and the Geotechnical Stability of 'Engineered' Landfill Sites 223
Robert W. Sarsby
18.1 Introduction 223
18.2 Ground Instability Effects 224
18.3 Stability of Soil Slopes 225
18.4 Soil Shear Strength 229
18.5 Landfill Sites 231
18.6 Insights and Solutions 235
Chapter 19 Water Resources Issues and Solutions for the Built Environment: Too Little versus Too Much 237
Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth
19.1 Introduction 237
19.2 Too Little Water: Water Supply Shortages 238
19.3 Too Much Water: Urban Flooding 242
19.4 Property- Level Flood Resistance versus Resilience Measures 246
19.5 Present and Future Water Resources Solutions 247
19.6 Conclusions 248
Chapter 20 Organisational Culture and Climate Change Driven Construction 251
Nii A. Ankrah and Patrick A. Manu
20.1 Introduction 251
20.2 Climate Change and Construction 251
20.3 Climate Change Driven Construction 252
20.4 The Role of Culture 253
20.5 The Culture of the UK Construction Industry 256
20.6 Achieving and Sustaining a Culture of Sustainability 257
20.7 Theory to Practice Case Study 263
20.8 Emerging Solutions for a More Responsive Climate Change Culture in Construction 265
Chapter 21 Preparing for Extreme Weather Events: A Risk Assessment Approach 269
Keith Jones
21.1 Introduction 269
21.2 What Is an Extreme Weather Event? 270
21.3 Relationship between Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptive Capacity 271
21.4 A Risk Assessment Framework Model 276
21.5 Solutions: A New Risk Framework Model 277
21.6 Final Thoughts 279
Chapter 22 The Socio-environmental Vulnerability Assessment Approach to Mapping Vulnerability to Climate 283
Fiifi Amoako Johnson, Craig W. Hutton and Mike J. Clarke
22.1 Introduction 283
22.2 The SEVA Approach 284
22.3 Results 291
22.4 Conclusions 299
Chapter 23 Mitigation via Renewables 303
David Coley
23.1 Introduction 303
23.2 Current World Sustainable Energy Provision 304
23.3 Solar Power 305
23.4 Photovoltaics 308
23.5 Wind Power 308
23.6 Wave Power 310
23.7 Large-Scale Hydropower 310
23.8 Tidal Power 313
23.9 Biomass 314
23.10 Geothermal 316
23.11 Nuclear: Fast Breeders and Fusion 317
23.12 The Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells 318
23.13 Solutions 319
Chapter 24 Complexities and Approaches to Managing the Adaptation of Climate Change by Coastal Communities 321
Annie T. Worsley, Vanessa J.C. Holden, Jennifer A. Millington and Colin A. Booth
24.1 Introduction What's Special about the Coast? 321
24.2 Coastal Landforms and Process 322
24.3 Challenges Facing Coastal Communities 323
24.4 Ways of Managing Coastal Challenges 324
24.5 Shoreline Management Plans 325
24.6 Case Study: The North Sefton Coast 326
24.7 Solutions for Coastal Communities 333
Chapter 25 Lessons for the Future 337
Jessica E. Lamond, David G. Proverbs, Colin A. Booth and Felix N. Hammond
25.1 Introduction 337
25.2 Technological Solutions 338
25.3 Working with the Natural Environment 339
25.4 Enabling Change 340
25.5 Final Remarks 342
Index 343
