When Austria-Hungary broke up at the end of the First World War, the sacrifice of one million men who had died fighting for the Habsburg monarchy now seemed to be in vain. This book is the first of its kind to analyze how the Great War was interpreted, commemorated, or forgotten across all the ex-Habsburg territories. Each of the books twelve chapters focuses on a separate region, studying how the transition to peacetime was managed either by the state, by war veterans, or by national minorities. This splintered war memory, where some posed as victors and some as losers, does much to explain the fractious character of interwar Eastern Europe.

John Paul Newman is Lecturer in Twentieth-Century European History at Maynooth University. He is author ofYugoslavia in the Shadow of War: Veterans and the Limits of State Building 1903-1945 (2015) and coeditor, with Julia Eichenberg, ofThe Great War and Veterans Internationalism (2013).

List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Map of Ex-Habsburg Europe in the Interwar Period

Introduction: A Conflicted and Divided Habsburg Memory
Mark Cornwall

PART I: SACRIFICE AND THE VANQUISHED

Chapter 1.Competing Interpretations of Sacrifice in the Postwar Austrian Republic
Catherine Edgecombe and Maureen Healy

Chapter 2.War in Peace: Remobilization and National Rebirth in Austria and Hungary
Robert Gerwarth

Chapter 3.Apocalypse and the Quest for a Sudeten German Männerbund in Czechoslovakia
Mark Cornwall

Chapter 4.The Divided War Remembrance of Transylvanian Magyars
Franz Sz. Horváth

PART II: SACRIFICE AND THE DISCOURSE OF VICTORY

Chapter 5.Framing the Hero: Photographic Narratives of War in the Inter-War Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
Melissa Bokovoy

Chapter 6.National Sacrifice and Regeneration: Commemorations of the Battle of Zborov in Multinational Czechoslovakia
Nancy M. Wingfield

Chapter 7.In the Spirit of Brotherhood, United We Remain!: The Independent Union of Czechoslovak Legionaries and the Militarist State
Katya Kocourek

Chapter 8.Saving Greater Romania: The Romanian Legionary Movement and the New Man
Rebecca Haynes

PART III: SACRIFICE IN SILENCE

Chapter 9.Silent Liquidation? Croatian Veterans and the Margins of War Memory in Interwar Yugoslavia
John Paul Newman

Chapter 10.The Sacrificed Slovenian Memory of the Great War
Petra Svolj¨ak

Chapter 11.The Dead and the Living: War Veterans and Memorial Culture in Inter-War Polish Galicia
Christoph Mick

Chapter 12.Divided Land, Diverging Narratives: Memory Cultures of the Great War in the Successor Regions of Tyrol
Laurence Cole

Notes on Contributors
Select Bibliography
Index