In Chinese, the term wanghong refers to creators, social media entrepreneurs alternatively known as KOLs (key opinion leaders) and zhubo (showroom hosts), influencers and micro-celebrities. Wanghong also refers to an emerging media ecology in which these creators cultivate online communities for cultural and commercial value by harnessing Chinese social media platforms, like Weibo, WeChat, Douyu, Huya, Bilibili, Douyin, and Kuaishuo. Framed by the concepts of cultural, creative, and social industries, the book maps the development of wanghong policies and platforms, labor and management, content and culture, as they operate in contrast to its non-Chinese counterpart, social media entertainment, driven by platforms like YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitch. As evidenced by the backlash to TikTok, the threat of competition from global wanghong signals advancing platform nationalism.
David Craig is a Clinical Associate Professor at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at University of Southern California, USA, and visiting scholar at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, in the USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural and Creative Industry.
Jian Lin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Media Studies and Journalism at the University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Stuart Cunningham is Distinguished Professor of Media and Communication, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon ValleyandCreator Culture: An Introduction to Global Social Media Entertainment, both with David Craig, are published by New York University Press.
