Fifteen years have passed since I was working at a dam site super vising grouting work. That was not the first time that I had to car ry out engineering geological investigations for several similar projects, which always included testing programmes to find out the permeability of the rock, and often I was in charge of grouting work. It thus attracted my attention when this particular grouting programme did not run as intended: most of the grout holes took only very little grout! It could not be the aim of the invested work simply to drill holes and fill them again without bringing about any further improvement. Fortunately, I had the chance to be en gaged in many other grouting programmes in the following years and used all these examples to analyse as thoroughly as possible the permeability of the rocks being treated in view of their grout ability. The more I studied, the stronger my conviction grew that our rules which had decided the grouting of rock for many de cades should be developed further, and therefore I occupied my self with contributing some ideas for a new basis to investigation and judgment of permeability of rock and for a more adequate application of this technology.

Inhaltsangabe1 Introduction.- 2 Remarks on the Methodology of Preparation.- 3 Analysis of Completed Grouting Programmes.- 3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 3.1.1 Selection of the Programmes; Data.- 3.1.2 Representation of Grouting Data.- 3.2 Description and Evaluation of the Programmes.- 3.2.1 Grouting Programmes in Folded Siltstone-Sandstone Alternations of the Westphalian Upper Carboniferous.- 3.2.1.1 The Grouting Programme at the Möhne Dam.- 3.2.1.2 The Aabach Dam Grouting Programme.- 3.2.2 Grouting Programmes in Buntsandstein.- 3.2.2.1 The Grouting Programme at the Haune Dam.- 3.2.2.2 The Antrift Dam Grouting Programme.- 3.2.2.3 The Twiste Dam Grouting Programme.- 3.2.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations for Grouting Programmes in Buntsandstein and in Similar Rock Types.- 3.2.3 Grouting Programmes in Turonian Limestone of Southeastern Westphalia.- 3.2.3.1 Location, Geology, Hydraulic Routing.- 3.2.3.2 The Grouting Programme in Downtown Paderborn.- 3.2.3.3 The Grouting Programme for the Haxter Valley Bridge.- 3.2.4 The Tavera Dam Grouting Programme in Oligocene Conglomerate.- 3.3 Microscopical Studies.- 3.3.1 Purpose and Origin of Samples.- 3.3.2 Size of the Injectable Voids.- 3.3.3 The Process of Sedimentation, Separation and Drainage of the Excess Water.- 3.3.4 The Influence of the Grouting Pressure (Rock Fracturing).- 3.4 Generally Valid Conclusions from the Analysis of the Grouting Programmes.- 4 Discussion of the Conventional Investigation Methods for Determining Rock Permeability.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 On the Execution, Evaluation and Interpretation of Water Pressure Tests.- 4.2.1 The Layout of the Tests.- 4.2.2 Testing Scheme.- 4.2.3 Several Aspects of the Practical Execution and Evaluation of Water Pressure Tests.- 4.2.3.1 The Pump.- 4.2.3.2 The Packer.- 4.2.3.3 Recording of Test Data.- 4.2.3.4 Evaluation of the Measured Data.- 4.3 Assessment of Current Investigation Methods for Rock Permeability.- 4.3.1 Water Pressure Tests and kf-Coefficient.- 4.3.2 On the Applicability of the Lugeon Criterion; Appropriate Impermeabilization Criteria.- 4.3.3 WPT Rates and the Appraisal of the Specific Rock Permeability.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 5 On Hydraulic Routing in Rock.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Methods of Researching the Hydraulic Routing in Rock.- 5.3 Influential Factors in the Development of Water Paths in Rock.- 5.4 Discontinuities as Prescribed Water Paths and Their Behaviour During Grouting.- 5.4.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 5.4.2 Bedding Planes.- 5.4.3 Joint Planes.- 5.4.4 Cleavage Planes.- 5.4.5 Faults.- 5.4.6 Dissolution Cavities.- 5.5 The Results of Field Investigations of the Hydraulic Routing.- 5.5.1 Hattelberg Tunnel.- 5.5.2 Oker-Grane Tunnel.- 5.5.3 Outcrops at the Aabach Dam Project.- 5.5.3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 5.5.3.2 Excavations at the Main Dam.- 5.5.3.3 Karbach Tunnel.- 5.5.3.4 Summary.- 5.5.4 Hydraulic Routing in the Buntsandstein.- 5.5.5 Hydraulic Routing of the Upper Turonian Limestone of Southeast Westphalia.- 5.5.6 Exploratory Addits for a Pump Storage Scheme in Taiwan.- 5.5.7 Outcrops at the Tavera Project.- 5.5.8 Other Indications Concerning Hydraulic Routing.- 5.6 Synopsis of the Percolation Behaviour in Rock.- 5.7 Remarks on Percolation Models and Calculation Methods in Rock Mechanics.- 6 Studies of the Relationship Between the Type of Hydraulic Routing, the Course of the Water Pressure Tests and Grouting Behaviour.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Tests Using Geologically Defined Models for the Hydraulic Routes Around the Boreholes.- 6.2.1 Prerequisites.- 6.2.2 Description of the Models, Arrangements of the Tests.- 6.2.3 Results of Simulated Water Pressure Tests.- 6.2.4 Results of Simulated Grouting Tests.- 6.3 Interpretation of Simulated Water Pressure Tests and Conclusions.- 6.3.1 Conclusions Concerning the Type of Hydraulic Routing: Direct or Indirect Communication.- 6.3.2 Conclusions Concerning the Size of the Routes in Relation to the Lugeon Criterion.- 6.3.3 Conclusions Concerning the Type of Water Paths Drawn from the Absorpt

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