Dental caries is unique chronic disease among human which is one of the most common important global oral health problems in the world today.It is the destruction of dental hard acellular tissue by acidic by-products from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates especially sucrose. It progresses slowly in most of the people which results from an ecological imbalance in the equilibrium between tooth minerals and oral biofilms which is characterized by microbial activity, resulting in fluctuations in plaque pH due to bacterial acid production, buffering action from saliva and the surrounding tooth structure. The microbial community of caries is diverse and contains many facultatively and obligately-anaerobic bacteria. S. mutans is the most primary associated with it. Dental disease has been associated with low selfesteem, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular, respiratory, erectile, diabetes complications, cavernous sinus thrombosis and Ludwig angina which can be life-threatening. Treatment, prevention, personal hygiene and dietary modification should be recommended for dental caries patients.

Ms. Khushbu Yadav has obtained her M.Sc in Medical Microbiology from National College, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2015. She is working as a lecturer in Microbiology and Nutrition and Dietetics to Bachelor level Nursing students at Krishna Medical Technical Research Center (KMTRC), Janakpur, Dhanusha, Nepal.