This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Brain Edema held on October 20-23, 1996, in San Diego, California. This follows the sequence of meetings that was initiated 31 years ago in the First International Symposium held in Vienna. Subsequent symposiums were held in Mainz, Montreal, Berlin, Groningen, Tokyo, Baltimore, Bern, and Tokyo CY okohama). A considerable number of papers was chosen from over 100 papers that were received. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for the excellent work done in selection of the papers. We also wish to thank all the persons who contributed to the success of the Tenth International Symposium, especially the staff who worked behind the scenes. These papers were reviewed, edited, approved or disapproved by the Editorial Board. Those manuscripts that were felt not pertinent to this publication were not accepted by the Editorial Board. Therefore, the excellent quality of those that are in the book are a reflection of the authors' dedication and work and that of those of the Editorial Board in their review process. For the reader's convenience, the papers are structured according to the various disease processes which are associated with the primary topic: hypertension, hydrocephalus, infection, ischemia, tumor, etc. We do hope that the reader will enjoy the articles and that they will provide an impetus and insight for future work.

InhaltsangabeSection I - Ischemia.- Glutamate Uptake and Na,K-ATPase Activity in Rat Astrocyte Cultures Exposed to Ischemia.- The Role of Calcium Ion in Anoxia/Reoxygenation Damage of Cultured Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells.- Hypoxia Modulates Free Radical Formation in Brain Microvascular Endothelium.- Increase in Surface Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin in Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cells Subjected to Ischemia-Like Insults.- Assessment of the Relationship Between Ischemic Damage and Brain Swelling in Frozen Brain Slices.- Brain Edema Associated with Progressive Selective Neuronal Death or Impending Infarction in the Cerebral Cortex.- Blood Volume and Flow Velocity Through Parenchymal Microvessels in Ischemic Brain Edema of Rats.- Hyperglycemia and the Vascular Effects of Cerebral Ischemia.- The Effect of Non-Competitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonism on Cerebral Oedema and Cerebral Infarct Size in the Aging Ischaemic Brain.- Effects of Hyperglycemia on Cerebral Blood Flow and Edema Formation After Carotid Artery Occlusion in Fischer 344 Rats.- The Mechanism of Free Radical Generation in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells After Anoxia and Reoxygenation.- Mannitol Decreases ICP but Does Not Improve Brain-Tissue pO2 in Severely Head-Injured Patients with Intracranial Hypertension.- A Chronological Evaluation of Experimental Brain Infarct by Diffusion-Mapping and Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging.- Ultrastructure of Astrocytes Associated with Selective Neuronal Death of Cerebral Cortex After Repeated Ischemia.- Heterogenous Distribution of Early Energy Failure in Experimental Focal Ischemia of the Cat Brain.- Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions in Global Cerebral Ischemia.- Selective Impairments of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Activity During Aging and Ischemic Brain Damage.- Regional Differences in the Cerebrovascular Reserve Following Acute Global Ischemia in Rabbits.- Edema Formation Exacerbates Neurological and Histological Outcomes After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Gene Knockout Mutant Mice.- Therapeutic Dose and Timing of Administration of RNA Synthesis Inhibitors for Preventing Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Section II - Trauma.- Traumatic Brain Swelling in Head Injured Patients: Brain Edema or Vascular Engorgement?.- Evaluation of Homeostatic Changes in CSF Circulation: In vivo Analysis of the Effect of Neurotransmitter Accumulation in the Extracellular Space Following Transient Global Ischemia.- Detection of Brain Atrophy Following Traumatic Brain Injury Using Gravimetric Techniques.- Altered Brain Oxygen Extraction with Hypoxia and Hypotension Following Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.- Posttraumatic Edema in the Corpus Callosum Shown by MRI.- Detection of Lipid Peroxidation and Hydroxyl Radicals in Brain Contusion of Rats.- Time Course of Tissue Elasticity and Fluidity in Vasogenic Brain Edema.- The Penumbra Zone of a Traumatic Cortical Lesion: a Microdialysis Study of Excitatory Amino Acid Release.- Assessment of Regional Cortical Blood Flow Following Traumatic Lesion of the Brain.- Comparison of the Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Response in Children After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury or Septic Shock.- Changes of MPO Activity and Brain Water Accumulation in Traumatic Brain Injury Experiments.- Hemodynamic Depression and Micro-thrombosis in the Peripheral Areas of Cortical Contusion in the Rat: Role of Platelet Activating Factor.- Characterisation of Brain Edema Following "Controlled Cortical Impact Injury" in Rats.- The Role of Adenosine During the Period of Delayed Cerebral Swelling After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans.- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Patients with Severe Brain Injury and Elevated Intracranial Pressure.- MRI Diffusion-Weighted Spectroscopy of Reversible and Irreversible Ischemic Injury Following Closed Head Injury.- Biphasic Pathophysiological Response of Vasogenic and Cellular Edema in Traumatic Brain S