Physical anthropologists, like other research workers, are recognizing that the standard multivariate statistical techniques of recent decades are in need of refinement and greater precision. Increasingly it is felt that more sophisticated methods are called for, specifically designed for the materials and problems at issue. To this end the editors were asked by organizers of the First Intercongress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences to develop a symposium on this general subject. With the title of this book, the symposium was held in Amsterdam on April 23-25, 1981. Invited were mathematical statisticians who were known to have an acquaintance with and interest in anthropological problems, together with anthropologists and human geneticists who consider multivariate methodology essential for their research. This volume constitutes an updated and revised selection from among the papers presented, together with a few supplementary papers by authors who were not present but whose work fills out the intended coverage and makes the volume more complete with respect to the state of affairs in the field. The papers are devoted both to new methodology and to its practical application. Mathematical statisticians may wish to know more about the biological nature and the kinds of materials and samples on which mathematical thinking can be exercised. Anthropologists as practitioners may not be fully aware of the possibilities and limitations in particular mathematical models and methods. Our purpose has been to bring the two groups together, for personal discussions across disciplinary lines as well as within disciplines.

InhaltsangabeInterpretation of Metrical Variables in Multivariate Analysis.- Some Recent Advances in Multivariate Analysis Applied to Anthropometry.- Incomplete Samples from Multivariate Normal Distributions with the Same, Known Covariance Matrix.- Use of Diversity and Distance Measures in the Analysis of Qualitative Data.- Multivariate Distances and Multivariate Classification Systems Using Non-Metric Traits in Biological Studies.- Generalized Distance in Familial Studies of Anthropometrical Characters.- Generalized Distance between Different Thigh-bones and a Reference Population.- The Use of Multivariate Distances for Non-Classificatory Purposes in Anthropobiology.- Interval Estimates for Posterior Probabilities, Applications to Border Cave.- Cluster Analysis, History, Theory and Applications.- Some Aspects of Allocation and Discrimination.- Interpretation and Testing in Multivariate Statistical Approaches to Physical Anthropology: the Example of Sexual Dimorphism in the Primates.- A Report on the Heritability of Some Cranial Measurements and Non-Metric Traits.- Improving the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Appositeness of Morphometric Analyses.- Towards an Understanding of Data in Physical Anthropology.- Data Banks and Multivariate Statistics in Physical Anthropology.- Biological Evolution and History in 19th Century Portugal.- On the Determination of Hominid Affinities.- Multivariate Analysis and Cranial Diversity in Plio-Pleistocene Hominids.- From Multivariate Statistics to Natural Selection: A Reanalysis of Plio/Pleistocene Hominid Dental Material.

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