Symbioses and Stress centers on the question of how organisms in tight symbiotic associations cope with various types of abiotic and biotic stress. In its original sense, symbioses cover all kinds of interactions among unrelated organisms, whereas in a narrower concept, the term is often referred to as mutualism. Evolutionary biology recognizes symbiosis as an integrative process, and most fundamental evolutionary innovations arose from cooperative symbioses. Mutualisms contribute to stress tolerance, ecosystem stability, and evolutionary radiation of cooperating organisms. Modern eukaryotic cells are the result of the endosymbiotic union of prokaryotic ancestors as well as diverse exosymbiotic associations. This cooperative aggregation appears more successful than its independent parts. This new book presents functional and evolutionary aspects of mutually beneficial symbioses among unrelated organisms.

InhaltsangabeForeword / John. J. Lee Preface / Joseph Seckbach and Martin Grube Acknowledgements List of authors and their addresses PART 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION On the Origin of Symbiosis [Jan Sapp] Symbioses and Stress [Martin Grube, James F. White, and Joseph Seckbach] PART 2: SYMBIOTIC ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTES Problems and Progress in Understanding the Origins of Mitochondria and Plastids [Bruce A. Curtis and John M. Archibald] The Origin of Eukarya as a Stress Response of Two-Membrane-Bounded Sexual Pre-Karyote to an Aggressive a-Proteobacterial Periplasmic Infection [Matej Vesteg and Juraj Kraj?ovi?] Low CO2 Stress: Glaucocystophytes May Have Found a Unique Solution [Wolfgang Löffelhardt] PART 3: AQUATIC SYMBIOSES AnimalBacterial Endosymbioses of Gutless TubeDwelling Worms in Marine Sediments [Takeshi Naganuma] Multibiont Symbioses in the Coral Reef Ecosystem [Orit Barneah and Itzchak Brickner] Cnidarian/Dinoflagellate Symbiosis-Mediated Adaptation to Environmental Pertubations [Sophie Richier, Cécile Sabourault, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Pierre-Laurent Merle, Paola Furla and Denis Allemand] Oxidative Stress-Mediated Development of Symbiosis in Green Paramecia [Tomonoro Kawano, K. Irie and Takashi Kadono] Coral Symbiosis under Stress [Noga Stambler] Azolla as a Superorganism: Its Implication in Symbiotic Studies [Francisco Carrapiço] PART 4: TERRESTRIAL SYMBIOSES Parasitism is a Strong Force Shaping the Fungus-Growing Ant-Microbe Symbiosis [Ainslie E.F. Little] Evolution and Consequences of Nutrition-Based Symbioses in Insects: More than Food Stress [Edouard Jurkevitch] Three in a Boat: Host-Plant, Insect Herbivore and Fungal Entomopathogen [Shalom W. Applebaum, Dana Ichelczik and Richard A. Humber] Symbiotic Foraminifera and Stress [Alexander V. Altenbach, Christine Böhmer, Frank Gitter, Benjamin Läuchli and Hanne-Lore Wieczorek] Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis under Stress Conditions: Benefits and Costs [Hinanit Koltai and Yoram Kapulnik] Modulation of AquaporinGenes by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Relation to Osmotic Stress Tolerance: Aquaporin in Plants under Osmotic Stress [Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano and Ricardo Aroca] How Rhizobia Survive in the Absence of a Legume Host, a Stressful World Indeed [Ann Hirsch] Life on a Leaf: Bacterial Epiphytes of a Salt-Excreting Desert Tree [Shimshon Belkin and Noga Qvit-Raz] Physiological Responses to Stress in the Vibrionaceae [William Soto, C. Phoebe Lostroh and Michele K. Nishiguchi] The Stressed Life of Microbes in Plants [Maria Grilli Caiola and Antonella Canini] Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Interactions: Stress Protection, Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol by Stenotrophomonas [Gabriele Berg, Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Ben Lugtenberg and Martin Hagemann] Adaptation and Survival of Plants in High Stress Habitats via Fungal Endophyte Conferred Stress Tolerance [Rusty J. Rodriguez, Claire Woodward, and Regina S. Redman] Grass Endophyte-Mediated Plant Stress Tolerance: Alkaloids and their Functions [Monica S. Torres and James F. White] Endocytosis in Plant - Fungal Interactions [Maya Bar and Adi Avni] Die Hard: Lichens [Martin Grube] Stress and Developmental Strategies in Lichens [Elfriede Stocker-Wörgötter] Green Algae and Fungi in Lichens Symbionts - but Friends or Foes? [Russel L. Chapman and Melanie R. Chapman] Green Biofilms on Tree Barks: More than Just Algae [Katharina Freystein and Werner Reisser] PART 5: SYMBIOSES AND ASTROBIOLOGY Space Flight Effects on Lichen Ultrastructure and Physiology: Following the Lichens 2005 Experiment On-Board the Biopan V Space Exposure Facility [Asunción de los Ríos, Carmen Ascaso, Jacek Wierzchos and Leopoldo G. Sancho] Resistance of Symbiotic Eukaryotes Survival to Simulated Space Conditions and Asteroid Impact Cataclysms [Jean-Pierre P. de Vera and Sieglinde Ott] PART 6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Symbioses and Stress: Final comments [Martin Grube and Joseph Seckbach] Organisms Index Subject Index Authors Inde