With rising petroleum prices as well as increasing environmental concerns, there is a need to develop biochemicals and bioproducts that offer realistic alternatives to their traditional counterparts. Biobased Lubricants and Greases addresses the lack of a centralized resource of information on lubricants and greases from renewable sources, providing a practical guide to the different biobased lubrication technologies available and their relative material benefits. Based on the authors' 17 years of research and development at the US National Ag-Based Lubricants (NABL) Center, it discusses the various types of vegetable oil available, comparing their characteristics, properties and benefits against those of typical petroleum oils as well as discussing common evaluation tests and giving examples and case studies of successful applications of biobased lubricants and greases. Engineers, academics and students involved in tribological research as well as research related to the petroleum and agriculture industries will find Biobased Lubricants and Greases an invaluable source of information. * Provides a detailed review of the material benefits of plant-based lubricants that include a better viscosity index and lubricity even at extreme temperatures, lower flammability due to higher flash points and lower pour points * Covers the basic chemistry of vegetable oils as their profiles for use in lubricants and greases and environmental benefits * Include examples and case studies, focussing on an industrial application of lubrication technology undergoing current explosive growth in the global market * Written in an accessible manner and illustrated throughout including a colour plate section

Leseprobe

Summary Foreword Series Preface Preface Acknowledgement Introduction CHAPTER 1 1.1 Historical Development of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricants 1.2 Pioneering Industrial Uses of Vegetable Oils 1.3 Petroleum References CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of lubricants 2.1 The Nature of the Carbon Atom 2.2 Carbon and Hydrocarbon References CHAPTER 3 3.1 Petroleum Based Lubricants 3.2 Basic Chemistry of Crude Oil References CHAPTER 4 Plant Oils 4.1 Chemistry of Vegetable Oils Relating to Lubricating Oils 4.2 Triglycerides 4.3 Properties of Vegetable Oils 4.4 Vegetable Oil Processing 4.5 Oxidation 4.6 Winterization 4.7 Chemical Refining 4.8 Conventional Crop oils References CHAPTER 5 5.1 Esters 5.2 Esters for Biofuels 5.3 Complex Esters 5.4 Estolides 5.5 Other Chemical Modifications References CHAPTER 6 6.1 Genetic Modification and Industrial Crops 6.2 Industrial Crops 6.3 Future and Industrial Crops References CHAPTER 7 Biobased Lubricants Technology 7.1 Determination of Oxidation Stability 7.2 Applications 7.3 Petroleum While Oils and Food Grade Lubricants References CHAPTER 8 8.1 Performance Properties of Industrial Lubricants 8.2 Common Performance Requirements 8.3 Heat transfer Properties 8.4 Dielectric Properties 8.5 Fluid quality 8.6 Fluid Compatibility 8.7 Hydrostatic Stability 8.8 Demulsibility 8.9 Oxidation Stability 8.10 Oxidation Stability for Mineral Oils 8.11 Elemental Analysis 8.12 Cleanliness 8.13 Storage and Shipping Temperatures 8.14 Tribological Performance of Biobased Lubricants 8.15 Metalworking Fluids 8.16 Biobased Engine Oils References CHAPTER 9 Biobased and Petroleum-Based Greases 9.1 How to Make Soap 9.2 Basic Process for Manufacturing Grease 9.3 Continuous Grease Manufacturing Process 9.4 Use of High Pressure-High Shear Reaction Chambers (Contactors) 9.5 Vegetable Oil Based Greases 9.6 Grease Consistency 9.7 Grease Specifications 9.8 Friction and Wear Tests 9.9 Application Example of Biobased Greases References CHAPTER 10 Biodegradable and Biobased REACH Biodegradation of Oils Toxicity and Testing Methods Chronic Toxicity Terrestrial Plant Toxicity References USEFUL REFERENCES

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