This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Prostaglandins and Lipid Metabolism in Radiation Injury held in Rockville, Maryland, on October 2-3, 1986. Over 200 persons from eight countries attended the program, which consisted of 24 oral presentations and 38 poster presentations. Forty-two of those presentations have been included in this volume. The conference was sponsored by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, located in Bethesda, Maryland. The effects of radiation on lipid synthesis and membrane damage are aptly summarized in the first five chapters. These chapters describe the effects of radiation on lipid peroxidation of model membranes, and the role of lipid composition in mammalian cell death and in bacterial radio- and thermosensitivity. In bacteria, lipid peroxidation is not essential for radiation-induced cell death. One of the key points of the conference was the paradoxical nature of the radiobiology of eicosanoids. On the one hand, eicosanoids are mediators of damage; on the other, they are radioprotective agents. It is clear from the literature and from the data presented at the conference that both of these properties may also be observed as a consequence of radiotherapy. Some studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may minimize or prevent certain radiation induced damage, but other studies show no positive effect.

InhaltsangabeRadiation Effects on Lipid Synthesis and Membrane Damage.- Radiation Peroxidation in Model Membranes.- Role of Membrane Lipid Composition in Radiation-Induced Death of Mammalian Cells.- Influence of Membrane Lipid Composition and Organization on Radio-and Thermosensitivity of Bacteria.- Role of Membranes, Free Radicals, and Copper in Radiation-Induced Changes in Quaternary Structure of DNA: Some Clinical Implications.- Role of Lipid Peroxidation in Radiation Damage and Repair of Cell Membranes in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus thermophilus.- Macromolecule Effects on Prostacyclin Production and Measurement.- Inositol Lipid Turnover, Ca2+ Mobilization, and Increased Ca2+ Influx in Heat-Stressed Cells.- Role of Antioxidant Nutrients in Preventing Retinal Damage During Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment.- Effects of Phenylhydrazine on Human Red Cell Membrane Aminophospholipids: A Fluorescamine Study.- Role of Oxygen Radicals in Peroxidation of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Rat Brain Homogenate In Vitro.- Possible Involvement of Queuine in Oxidative Metabolism.- Cytochrome P-450 Interaction With Arachidonic Acid Hydroperoxides: Role in Lipid Peroxidation.- Leakage of Fatty Acid Radicals During Lipoxygenase Catalysis.- The Mast Cell Granule: A Phospholipid Source for Prostaglandin Synthesis.- Radiation-Induced Changes in Eicosanoid Synthesis.- Studies on Effect of Gamma Radiation on Prostacyclin and Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis and on Cell Growth Using Smooth Muscle, Fibroblast, and Endothelial Cells in Cultures.- Prostacyclin and Thromboxane Production by Irradiated Rat Lung.- Eicosanoid Changes in Skin Following Ultraviolet Light Irradiation.- Leukotriene Synthesis by UV-Irradiated Macrophage Cell Cultures.- Influence of Psoralen and Ultraviolet Therapy on Platelet Function and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Patients With Vitiligo.- Sources of Increased In Vivo Cyclooxygenase Product Release Following Whole-Body Irradiation of Rats.- Thermal Injury Causes Stimulation of Phospholipase A2 Activity in Mammalian Cells.- Effects of Neutron Irradiation on PGE2 and TxB2 Levels in Biological Fluids: Modification by WR.- Thromboxane and Prostacyclin Production by Irradiated and Perfused Rat Kidney.- Generation of a Neutrophil Chemoattractant of the Lipoxygenase Pathway by Irradiated Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells.- Prostaglandins in Radiation Protection and Recovery.- Radiation Protection by Exogenous Arachidonic Acid and Several Metabolites.- Alterations in Locomotor Activity Induced by Radioprotective Doses of 16, 16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2.- Effect of PGE2 on Radiation Response of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells In Vitro.- A Paradoxical Role for Eicosanoids: Radioprotectants and Radiosensitizers.- Clinical Implication.- Eicosanoids and Elective Immunosuppression.- Prostaglandins and Hemopoietic Cell Recovery Following Irradiation.- Ionizing Radiation, Prostaglandins, and Gastric Function in Monkeys.- Changes in Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration, and Vasoactive Hormones in Bone-Marrow-Transplant Recipients After Total-Body Irradiation.- Eicosanoids and Radiotherapy in Human and Animal Tumors.- Modification of Radiation Injury of Murine Intestinal Clonogenic Cells and B-16 Melanoma by PGI2 or Flurbiprofen.- Influence of UV Light (250 nm) on Platelet Activation.- Effects of Eicosanoid Precursors on TBA Reactive Material in Normal and Malignant Cells.- Detection and Quantitation of Eicosanoids and Lipid Peroxides.- Development of Enzyme-Immunoassay Techniques for Measurement of Eicosanoids.- Detection and Quantitation of Eicosanoids by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- Lipid Peroxidation and Its Measurement.- An In Situ Method for Detection of Lipid Peroxidation Effects.- Effects of Ultraviolet Light Irradiation, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Trichloroethylene on Ethane Exhalation in Rats.- A Sensitive and Selective Method for Quantitative Analysis of Products of Lipid Peroxidation.