This book sheds new light on the work of Jean-François Champollion by uncovering a constellation of epistemological, political, and material conditions that made his decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs possible. Champollions success in understanding hieroglyphs, first published in his Lettre à M. Dacier in 1822, is emblematic for the triumphant achievements of comparative philology during the 19th Century. In its attempt to understand humanity as part of a grand history of progress, Champollions conception of ancient Egypt belongs to the universalistic aspirations of European modernity. Yet precisely because of its success, his project also reveals the costs it entailed: after examining and welcoming acquisitions for the emerging Egyptian collections in Europe, Champollion travelled to the Nile Valley in 1828/29, where he was shocked by the damage that had been done to its ancient cultural sites. The letter he wrote to the Egyptian viceroy Mehmet Ali Pasha in 1829 demands thatexcavations in Egypt be regulated, denounces European looting, and represents perhaps the first document to make a case for the international protection of cultural goods in the name of humanity.

Markus Messlingis full professor of Romance Literature and Comparative Literary and Cultural Studies at Saarland University, Germany. He has published on French and Francophone literature and cultural philosophy (18th21st century), the epistemology and history of philology, historical anthropology and the problem of universalism.   

1. Other Narratives of a Grand History.- 2. Philology and Nationalism.- 3. Knowledge and Method: The Parisian Legacy.- 4. Civilisational Genealogies: Where Does Europe Come from?.- 5. Scientific Recognition: Showdown in Rome.- 6. History of Materials: Predatory Exploitation on the Nile and the Idea of Protecting Cultural Goods.- 7. Note to the Attention of the Viceroy for the Conservation of the Monuments of Egypt.